.... literature in this increasing time of globalisation. The Cognitive Theories - An Overview Motivation can be visualised as the energising force that provides the impetus to make people act. More specifically it is "the individual internal process that energises directs and sustains behavior; the personal force that causes one to behave in a particular way" (Olsen, 1996, p.1). It is a fundamental concept for management to understand in learning to comprehend the way individuals will behave within a work place context. The cognitive theories of motivation aim to develop this understanding by focusing on the action and choices made in the motivation process. The focus is o ....

.... the shortening and butter just enough to make the dough smooth and creamy. Do not melt them because that will make the dough too runny. Warming them in the microwave for forty-five seconds on high should be perfect. The next step is to add the dry ingredients. These are one and one- half cup of flour, one-half teaspoon salt, and one-half teaspoon of baking soda. Add the salt and the baking soda before adding the flour so it will mix more completely. All of this mixing should also be done with an electric mixer. After combining all the ingredients and mixing them until they are smooth and creamy, add the chocolate chips. It is up to the baker to decide what type of chocolat ....

.... competitors such as Ricoh and Canon, Xerox was going to have to make major changes within its organization. First, Xerox management sought to simplify the purchasing process. By consolidating its supply base, it was able to reduce overhead, pass lower costs onto customers, improve quality of its products, and work better with suppliers. Next, the "commodity teams" were designated to reduce defect parts per million through a five step program it developed. Thirdly, internal restructuring brought about the "circle groups" which resulted in a new system of competitive benchmarking and customized products. Finally, with a new research and development approach Xerox was able ....

.... in the hands of private firms motivated by the desire to maximise their profits. The financial sector comprises mainly banks and the centeral bank which are responsible for issueing notes and coins, controlling the supply of money, and providing day-to-day requirements of the community. The government sector fits into the circular flow as a receiber and spender of income. It providescollective goods and services, such as defence, schools, hospitals and flood mitagation programs.The final sector of the circular flow model is the foreign sector. The foreign sector represents another set of leakages and injections in the circular flow and, therefore, another opportunity for loss ....

.... the House Subcommittee on Medical Standards regarding Plasma International's "sale of blood for profit." Some of the issues hotly debated include the moral abuses of the naive African persons, the "exorbitant" profit netted, and the company's earning from others' pain. Community leaders and spokespersons have expressed their shock at Plasma International taking advantage of the "poor" Africans, by paying them a pittance for their blood. The company counteracts with tribal chieftains, after negotiating with the State Department and the national government. The money they earned, the company argues, is spent on unspecified commodity maintenance costs. One can guess there wo ....

.... broadcasters by constantly trying to outdo them in market size, facilities, praise and etc. Listeners, on the other hand, tune in to the radio for various reasons, most of which allow them to relate better with others. It gives them something to talk about. It allows them to share knowledge and meanings. As I have learned from the reading, commercial radio disregards communicative purpose. It does so because commercial radio does not consider communication as an end. Rather, it views communication as an instrument to be used in achieving an end which, is money. Every movement made by the broadcasters is directed towards this one goal. Any action done beyond what is n ....

.... audience and therefore reinforce our spoken message, or detract from our credibility and in so doing dramatically reduce our effectiveness. For example, imagine that that you are watching through a window as someone does a presentation to a group of people in a room. You can't actually hear the presenter's voice, but he or she seems to be speaking clearly, is making eye contact with various people in the room, is emphasizing points using appropriate hand gestures, appears to be in command of the material, and exudes enthusiasm. Without even hearing what they are actually saying, your impression will be one of competence, sincerity; even leadership on the part of this presen ....

.... that make them a good leader, and, in the same line, a bad leader. In my opinion, the three most important good qualities of leader are honor, loyalty, and putting the people ahead of you. The first of these qualities, honor, is required because you want your people to trust you. Besides that, you want other leaders, from other nations to trust you. If you were dishonorable no one would trust you and shame you, and therefore shame your nation. The second of these qualities is loyalty. If you weren't loyal, then no one would trust you also. You would be dishonored, and probably disowned. The last of these qualities is putting the people (your entoura ....